Sanctions make perfect

On August 29, China's tech giant Huawei released its latest 5G smartphone Mate 60 Pro without advance publicity and has seen huge success. The device is powered by a Chinese made cutting-edge 7 nano-meter chip called Kirin 9000s, despite strict U.S. export controls on advanced semiconductors to China. It can also be used as a satellite phone. The company has long been scrutinized for posing a threat to "U.S. national security" and in 2019, it was put on the U.S. entity's list, preventing U.S. companies from doing business with Huawei. This was a huge setback for the company, but four years later, Huawei seems to have not only survived but thrived. How did the company make it? How far is China from becoming totally self-sufficient in high-end semiconductors?